11/15/2022 0 Comments Pdf to tefview![]() Ultimately, the study of tef consumption by patients with celiac disease in remission will be needed in order to determine whether tef is safe for these patients. This finding indicates that tef may be suitable for use in the diet of patients with celiac disease. In conclusion, within the limits of the currently available methods, no gluten or gluten homologues could be detected in the tef varieties tested. Therefore, this response was probably based on antibody cross-reactivity to nongluten molecules. With two tef varieties, weak antibody responses were found, even though Western blot and mass spectrometric analysis detected no gluten-like proteins (which were readily detected in barley, rye, and oats) (not shown). In a similar manner, with monoclonal antibodies specific for T-cell–stimulatory gluten peptides, comparable results with the various control preparations were obtained, whereas 12 of the 14 tef preparations tested negative ( Figure 1B). Although T-cell–stimulatory epitopes were detected in protein digests of known gluten-containing cereals, all tef varieties lacked these epitopes ( Figure 1A). 5 In addition, extracted proteins of one tef variety were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. These digests were analyzed for the presence of T-cell–stimulatory epitopes of α-gliadin ( Figure 1A), γ-gliadin, and low- and high-molecular-weight glutenin (not shown) by T-cell and antibody-based assays. All experiments were repeated at least twice.įor this purpose, pepsin and trypsin digests were prepared of 14 varieties of tef (provided by Soil and Crop, Assen, the Netherlands) and of wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, maize, and rice as controls. Similar experiments with γ-gliadin and low- and high-molecular-weight glutenin–specific T-cell clones and antibodies also failed to demonstrate the presence of gluten-like peptides in tef. The mean (±SD) value of each measurement is shown. The experiment displayed in Panel A was performed in triplicate, and the experiment displayed in Panel B was performed in duplicate. Panel B shows the concentration of a Glia-α9 T-cell epitope as measured with an antibody-based assay. 1 Panel A shows stimulation of a Glia-α2/9 epitope–specific T-cell clone. To make possible the detection of T cells, the digests were treated with tissue transglutaminase before testing. Pepsin and trypsin digests of wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, maize, rice, and tef (14 varieties) were analyzed for the presence of an immunodominant α-gliadin–derived T-cell–stimulatory peptide. Analyses Showing an Absence of Gluten-Derived T-Cell Epitopes in Tef. Tef flour can substitute for wheat flour in almost all applications, and the nutritional value of tef is similar to that of wheat ( Since tef is only distantly related phylogenetically to wheat, barley, and rye, we have investigated the potential safety of tef for consumption by patients with celiac disease. Tef ( Eragrostis tef) is a cereal traditionally grown in Ethiopia and used to make injera, or flat bread. 4 A cereal lacking T-cell–stimulatory peptides would thus be of great value to patients with celiac disease. Although consumption of oats is generally considered safe for patients with celiac disease, 2 recent studies indicate that the grain does contain T-cell–stimulatory epitopes 1,3 and that symptoms of celiac disease develop in some patients after the consumption of oats. 1 The only cure for the disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.Ĭeliac disease is caused by aberrant T-cell responses to wheat gluten and the gluten-like proteins in barley and rye. Pdf to tefview license#Information and tools for librarians about site license offerings. Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams. NEW! Peer-reviewed journal featuring in-depth articles to accelerate the transformation of health care delivery.Ĭoncise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care. Pdf to tefview trial#NEW! A digital journal for innovative original research and fresh, bold ideas in clinical trial design and clinical decision-making. ![]()
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